22.11.05

Los dos amores de Carrillo Puerto (Reforma)

Los dos amores de Carrillo Puerto.
Por Gerardo Australia
REFORMA
(06 Abril 2004).

¿Qué siente una mujer cuando mueve la inspiración de artistas u hombres poderosos y en su honor se componen canciones que trascienden en el tiempo como ejemplo de una nostalgia bellamente encapsulada?
Comenzaba la década de 1920 y luego del asesinato de Venustiano Carranza, las elecciones presidenciales habían favorecido a Alvaro Obregón. Fue un dirigente capaz que se dedicó a restaurar la paz y a tratar de materializar las metas de la Revolución.
Un ejemplo donde se comenzaban a lograr los ideales posrevolucionarios fue en Yucatán, esfuerzos orquestados por el entonces gobernador Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Don Felipe, nacido en Motul, Yucatán, sólo gobernó 20 meses; pero le fueron suficientes para al fin poner en jaque a la intocable "casta divina" yucateca, abrir 417 escuelas, fundar la Universidad Nacional del Sureste, promover la presencia indígena y de mujeres en cargos públicos, comenzar el reparto de tierras e impulsar el urgente rescate de las zonas arqueológicas en la región.
Hombre de gran sensibilidad, Carrillo Puerto, apodado "el apóstol de la raza de bronce", dirigió su primer discurso oficial como gobernador (1922) en lengua maya.
En ese tiempo Yucatán tenía más afinidad con Europa que con el centro de la República. A la península sólo se podía llegar por barco o por avión (hasta la construcción del ferrocarril en 1937 con Cárdenas). El renacimiento de ese México indígena atraía mucho al extranjero, y por otro lado también crecía una ferviente inquietud por participar en la exploración y explotación arqueológica de centros Mayas, lo que vivificó el flujo de visitantes a la península.
Entre esos visitantes a Yucatán se encontraba la entusiasta periodista norteamericana Alma M. Reed, enviada por el New York Times para comentar sobre las excavaciones en Chichén Itzá llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Carnegie. Fue ahí cuando conoció a Felipe Carrillo Puerto: ambos se enamoraron de inmediato.
Alma M. Reed era una periodista de San Francisco. Tenía una columna llamada "Mrs. Goodfellow" dedicada a contestar preguntas de gente que buscaba consejo legal y no tenía recursos para procurarse un abogado, la mayoría de ellos, obviamente, de origen mexicano. Recibía miles de cartas y su reputación como defensora del marginado creció, sobre todo cuando salvó por medio de su columna a un adolescente mexicano sentenciado a muerte en San Quentin. A raíz del suceso las leyes de California cambiaron.
Ya en Yucatán, y enamorada como la más, Miss Reed viajó del brazo de Carillo Puerto fascinada por la cultura Maya. Al final de su visita, el gobernador decidió acompañarla a San Francisco para conocer a su familia y comunicarles sus planes de boda.
Sin embargo, de regreso a México, Carrillo Puerto se encontró con una crisis política de fuertes dimensiones: ante la imposición de Calles como candidato presidencial, había estallado la rebelión delahuertista. Miss Reed debía reunirse con él semanas después, pero esto nunca sucedió. Jamás se volvieron a ver. Doce días antes de la boda, la intocable "casta divina" se desquitó del gobernador fusilándolo, junto con 10 de sus colaboradores, en la pared de un cementerio yucateco (1924).
Quizás regalarle una canción a alguien puede ser pretencioso, pero no cuando se está enamorado en la tierra del Mayab, donde su bohemia produce obras de un romanticismo y sentimiento inigualable. Carrillo Puerto le obsequió a su amada la canción Peregrina. Pero dejemos que la misma Alma Reed nos cuente: "En febrero de 1923 acompañé a Felipe y su gran amigo, el poeta Luis Rosado Vega, al modesto hogar del compositor Ricardo Palmerín. El objeto de la visita era la coordinación de la letra Peregrina, escrita por Rosado Vega, con acompañamiento musical que Palmerín estaba trabajando.
"Felipe mismo había dado nombre a la canción y, de hecho, había inspirado las ideas y hasta sugerido algunas de las palabras que el gran poeta yucateco iba diestramente entretejiendo en sus versos (...) Y mientras estábamos reunidos en el jardín, Palmerín anunció que creía haber encontrado finalmente el tema musical apropiado y con una sonrisa radiante se sentó al piano para interpretar la estructura esencial de la conmovedora canción que estoy orgullosa de haber inspirado. Felipe, quien era un apasionado de la música, que tocaba muy bien la flauta y que en su juventud había sido miembro de una orquesta profesional, quedó tan extasiado que corrió a abrazar a Palmerín.
"(...) Desde las primeras notas llenaron la noche tropical con el latir de un sentimiento profundo y una delicada sensación de dolor inminente y sin nombre (...) En la dulce cadencia melancólica palpitaba el encanto misterioso de la tierra yucateca, y el orgullo congénito de Palmerín por la majestad y belleza de la antigua civilización de sus antepasados. En cierto modo, aquellos compases expresaban el anhelo de una raza; sugerían el dolor de que tanta grandeza hubiera desaparecido (...) Tengo conciencia de que en esta tierra conocí el Paraíso, en aquel encantado momento en que nació la canción Peregrina".
Alma Reed siguió escribiendo y viajando. Entre sus obras están The Mexican Muralist, una biografía de Orozco y The Ancient Past of Mexicans. En 1950 regresó a la península y permaneció en México hasta su muerte en 1966.


Peregrina.
(Ricardo Palmerín y Luis Rosado Vega)

Peregrina de ojos claros y divinos
y mejillas encendidas de arrebol,
mujercita de los labios purpurinos
y radiante cabellera como el sol.

Peregrina que dejaste tus lugares,
los abetos y la nieve, y la nieve virginal
y veniste a refugiarte en mis palmares
bajo el cielo de mi tierra,
de mi tierra tropical.

Las canoras avecillas
de mis prados,
por cantarte dan sus trinos
si te ven
y las flores de nectarios perfumados,
te acarician en los labios, en los labios y en la sien.

Cuando dejes mis palmeras
y mi tierra,
Peregrina del semblante
encantador:
No te olvides, no te olvides
de mi tierra,
no te olvides, no te olvides
de mi amor.

Las canoras avecillas
de mis prados
por cantarte dan sus trinos si
te ven
y las flores de nectarios
perfumados,
te acarician en los labios, en los
labios y en la sien.

Cuando dejes mis palmares
y mi tierra,
Peregrina de semblante
encantador:
No te olvides, no te olvides de
mi tierra,
no te olvides, no te olvides
de mi amor.

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LA CANCION DE PEREGRINA ES UNA HERMOSA COMPOSICION QUE HABLA MUY BONITO DE NUESTRO MEXICO, EN ESTE CASO DE YUCATAN, PERO ME GUSTARIA QUE PUBLICARAN LA CANCION CON SU MUSICA Y LETRA PARA DISFRUTARLA AUN MAS.

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